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1 economy of the U.S.A.
Макаров: экономика США -
2 the Academy of National Economy of the Russian Federation Government
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > the Academy of National Economy of the Russian Federation Government
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3 economy in the means of productions
Бухгалтерия: экономия на средствах производстваУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > economy in the means of productions
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4 National Roundtable on the Economy and the Environment
- Национальный круглый стол по проблемам экономики и защиты окружающей среды (США)
Национальный круглый стол по проблемам экономики и защиты окружающей среды (США)
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[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > National Roundtable on the Economy and the Environment
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5 Academy of National Economy under the Government of the Russian Federation
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Academy of National Economy under the Government of the Russian Federation
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6 gear the economy to the tourist trade
Общая лексика: привязывать экономику к туризмуУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > gear the economy to the tourist trade
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7 tighten grip over the economy of the country
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > tighten grip over the economy of the country
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8 tighten up grip over the economy of the country
Общая лексика: ещё туже затянуть петлю контроля на экономике страныУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > tighten up grip over the economy of the country
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9 Ministry of Economy and the European Integration
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Ministry of Economy and the European Integration
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10 economy
n1) экономика; хозяйство2) экономия; бережливость•to build up national economy — строить / создавать национальную экономику
to improve one's economy — улучшать состояние экономики
to meet the needs of the national economy for smth — удовлетворять потребности национальной экономики в чем-л.
to rebuild a country's economy — восстанавливать / реконструировать экономику страны
to rehabilitate the war-ravaged national economy — восстанавливать разрушенную войной экономику страны
to remodel the economy — переделывать / изменять экономику
to revitalize / to revive the economy — возрождать / оживлять экономику
to satisfy the needs of the national economy for smth — удовлетворять потребности национальной экономики в чем-л.
to stimulate one's domestic economy — стимулировать рост экономики внутри страны
- adversely affected branches of economyto tighten one's economy hold — усиливать свое экономическое влияние
- agricultural economy
- ailing economy
- ailing economies of the Third World
- all-embracing economy
- appalling state of the economy
- balanced development of the branches of economy
- barter economy
- beleaguered economy
- black economy
- buoyancy in a country's economy
- buoyant economy
- business economy
- capitalist economy
- centralized economy
- centrally planned economy
- closed economy
- cohesive economy
- collapsing economy
- colonialist economy
- command economy
- commanding heights of the economy
- competitive economy
- complementary economies
- consumer economy
- controlled economy
- crippled economy
- crisis-free economy
- critical state of the economy
- day-to-day running of economy
- debt-ridden economy
- defense economy
- developed economy
- developed national economy
- developing economy
- dire state of the economy
- disrupted economy
- domestic economy
- economy catches its breath
- economy constricts
- economy expands
- economy goes deeper into crisis
- economy goes into a decline
- economy is buoyant
- economy is close to collapse
- economy is coming out of recession
- economy is crumbling
- economy is diving into a recession
- economy is facing a slump
- economy is faltering
- economy is headed upward
- economy is in a dreadful state
- economy is in a state of collapse
- economy is in bad condition
- economy is in recession
- economy is in the doldrums
- economy is not out of the woods yet
- economy is rolling downhill
- economy is sagging
- economy is seriously unbalanced
- economy is shrinking
- economy of disarmament
- economy of fuel
- economy of one-sided development
- economy of scarcity
- economy recovers
- economy undergoing charges
- economy will undergo drastic surgical measures
- economy with a high rate of growth in per capita output
- economies of industrialized countries are booming
- economies of scale
- economies on labor
- economies on social services
- emerging economy
- engineering economy
- exchange economy
- expanding economy
- fast developing economy
- flagging economy
- fragile economy
- frail economy
- free economy
- free enterprise economy
- freewheeling economy
- full employment economy
- ghost economy
- gilt-edged economy
- global economy
- gray economy
- green economy
- gross mismanagement of economy
- growth of the economy
- growth rate of the economy
- healthy economy
- high employment economy
- high interest rates further dampen down the economy
- highly developed branches of the economy
- home economy
- humane economy
- industrial economy
- inflationary pressures on the economy
- intensification of economy
- laissez-faire economy
- less centralized grip on the economy
- lop-sided economy
- low pressure economy
- major economy
- management of the economy
- market economy
- market-oriented economy
- mature economy
- mechanics of economy
- militarization of the economy
- militarized economy
- military economy
- mixed economy
- modernization of the economy
- monetary economy
- moribund economy
- multibranch economy
- multisectoral economy
- multistructrural economy
- national economy
- no-growth period of economy
- ongoing trends in the world economy
- overheated economy
- peace-time economy
- peasant economy
- plan-based economy
- planless economy
- plan-market economy
- planned economy
- pluralistic economy - powerful economy
- private economy
- private enterprise economy
- private sector of the economy
- progressive transformation of the economy
- protected economy
- public sector of the economy
- rapid expansion of the economy
- ravaged economy
- recovery in economy
- reforming of the economy along western lines
- regulated market economy
- retooling of the national economy
- revitalization of the economy
- robber economy
- robust economy
- run-down economy
- rural economy
- sagging economy
- sane economy
- self-sustained economy
- shadow economy
- shaky economy
- shattered economy
- shift away from central control of the economy
- shift to a market economy
- sick economy
- siege economy
- simple commodity economy
- size of the economy
- slide in the economy
- slowing of economy
- sluggish economy
- socialist economy
- socialist system of economy
- socialized economy
- sound economy
- Soviet-style economy
- spaceman economy
- spontaneous economy
- stability of economy
- stagnant economy - state-run economy
- stationary economy
- steady-state economy
- strict economy
- strong economy
- study of world economy
- subsistence economy
- sustained growth of economy
- swift transition to market economy
- swiss-cheese economy
- switchover to a market economy
- the country's economy grew by 10 per cent
- the country's economy has been in better shape than before
- the country's economy is in a pretty bad way
- the country's economy is in dire trouble
- tottering economy
- transition to market economy
- troubled economy
- turnaround in the economy
- two interlined economies
- unbalanced economy
- under-the-table economy
- unstable economy
- viable economy
- war economy
- war-ravaged economy
- war-time economy
- weakening of the economy
- world economy -
11 economy
n1) экономика, (народное) хозяйство2) экономия, бережливость• -
12 economy
n1) хозяйство, экономика2) экономия, бережливость3) ( economies) экономия, сбережения
- advanced economy
- agricultural economy
- atomistic economy
- backward economy
- barter economy
- black economy
- burgeoning informal economy
- business economy
- capitalist economy
- cash economy
- city economy
- closed economy
- command economy
- commercial economy
- commodity economy
- competitive economies
- controlled economy
- decentralized exchange economy
- defence economy
- dependent economy
- developed economy
- developing economy
- dire economy
- directed economy
- diversified economy
- domestic economy
- engineering economy
- exchange economy
- external economies
- farm economy
- free enterprise economy
- global economy
- grain economy
- home economy
- industrial economy
- integrated economy
- internal economies
- international economy
- local economies
- managed economy
- market economy
- market-directed economy
- market-driven economy
- mature economy
- maximum economy
- military economy
- mixed economy
- multi-branch economy
- municipal economy
- national economy
- natural economy
- open economy
- payable economy
- paying economy
- planned economy
- political economy
- profitable economy
- rigid economy
- rural economy
- scale economies
- self-subsistent peasant economy
- shadow economy
- sick economy
- single crop economy
- stable economy
- stagnant economy
- stationary economy
- steady economy
- struggling economies
- thriving economy
- transition economy
- underground economy
- unstable economy
- well-balanced economy
- world economy
- economy of abundance
- economy of funds
- economies of regions
- economies of scale
- economy of scarcity
- economies of scope
- economy of space
- economy of time
- boost the economy
- ensure economy
- introduce economies
- promote the regional economy
- regenerate the economy
- reorganize the economy
- restruct the economy
- restructure the economy
- revitalize the economy
- revive the economyEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > economy
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13 economy
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14 Economy
Portugal's economy, under the influence of the European Economic Community (EEC), and later with the assistance of the European Union (EU), grew rapidly in 1985-86; through 1992, the average annual growth was 4-5 percent. While such growth rates did not last into the late 1990s, portions of Portugal's society achieved unprecedented prosperity, although poverty remained entrenched. It is important, however, to place this current growth, which includes some not altogether desirable developments, in historical perspective. On at least three occasions in this century, Portugal's economy has experienced severe dislocation and instability: during the turbulent First Republic (1911-25); during the Estado Novo, when the world Depression came into play (1930-39); and during the aftermath of the Revolution of 25 April, 1974. At other periods, and even during the Estado Novo, there were eras of relatively steady growth and development, despite the fact that Portugal's weak economy lagged behind industrialized Western Europe's economies, perhaps more than Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar wished to admit to the public or to foreigners.For a number of reasons, Portugal's backward economy underwent considerable growth and development following the beginning of the colonial wars in Africa in early 1961. Recent research findings suggest that, contrary to the "stagnation thesis" that states that the Estado Novo economy during the last 14 years of its existence experienced little or no growth, there were important changes, policy shifts, structural evolution, and impressive growth rates. In fact, the average annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate (1961-74) was about 7 percent. The war in Africa was one significant factor in the post-1961 economic changes. The new costs of finance and spending on the military and police actions in the African and Asian empires in 1961 and thereafter forced changes in economic policy.Starting in 1963-64, the relatively closed economy was opened up to foreign investment, and Lisbon began to use deficit financing and more borrowing at home and abroad. Increased foreign investment, residence, and technical and military assistance also had effects on economic growth and development. Salazar's government moved toward greater trade and integration with various international bodies by signing agreements with the European Free Trade Association and several international finance groups. New multinational corporations began to operate in the country, along with foreign-based banks. Meanwhile, foreign tourism increased massively from the early 1960s on, and the tourism industry experienced unprecedented expansion. By 1973-74, Portugal received more than 8 million tourists annually for the first time.Under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano, other important economic changes occurred. High annual economic growth rates continued until the world energy crisis inflation and a recession hit Portugal in 1973. Caetano's system, through new development plans, modernized aspects of the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors and linked reform in education with plans for social change. It also introduced cadres of forward-looking technocrats at various levels. The general motto of Caetano's version of the Estado Novo was "Evolution with Continuity," but he was unable to solve the key problems, which were more political and social than economic. As the boom period went "bust" in 1973-74, and growth slowed greatly, it became clear that Caetano and his governing circle had no way out of the African wars and could find no easy compromise solution to the need to democratize Portugal's restive society. The economic background of the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was a severe energy shortage caused by the world energy crisis and Arab oil boycott, as well as high general inflation, increasing debts from the African wars, and a weakening currency. While the regime prescribed greater Portuguese investment in Africa, in fact Portuguese businesses were increasingly investing outside of the escudo area in Western Europe and the United States.During the two years of political and social turmoil following the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the economy weakened. Production, income, reserves, and annual growth fell drastically during 1974-76. Amidst labor-management conflict, there was a burst of strikes, and income and productivity plummeted. Ironically, one factor that cushioned the economic impact of the revolution was the significant gold reserve supply that the Estado Novo had accumulated, principally during Salazar's years. Another factor was emigration from Portugal and the former colonies in Africa, which to a degree reduced pressures for employment. The sudden infusion of more than 600,000 refugees from Africa did increase the unemployment rate, which in 1975 was 10-15 percent. But, by 1990, the unemployment rate was down to about 5-6 percent.After 1985, Portugal's economy experienced high growth rates again, which averaged 4-5 percent through 1992. Substantial economic assistance from the EEC and individual countries such as the United States, as well as the political stability and administrative continuity that derived from majority Social Democratic Party (PSD) governments starting in mid-1987, supported new growth and development in the EEC's second poorest country. With rapid infrastruc-tural change and some unregulated development, Portugal's leaders harbored a justifiable concern that a fragile environment and ecology were under new, unacceptable pressures. Among other improvements in the standard of living since 1974 was an increase in per capita income. By 1991, the average minimum monthly wage was about 40,000 escudos, and per capita income was about $5,000 per annum. By the end of the 20th century, despite continuing poverty at several levels in Portugal, Portugal's economy had made significant progress. In the space of 15 years, Portugal had halved the large gap in living standards between itself and the remainder of the EU. For example, when Portugal joined the EU in 1986, its GDP, in terms of purchasing power-parity, was only 53 percent of the EU average. By 2000, Portugal's GDP had reached 75 percent of the EU average, a considerable achievement. Whether Portugal could narrow this gap even further in a reasonable amount of time remained a sensitive question in Lisbon. Besides structural poverty and the fact that, in 2006, the EU largesse in structural funds (loans and grants) virtually ceased, a major challenge for Portugal's economy will be to reduce the size of the public sector (about 50 percent of GDP is in the central government) to increase productivity, attract outside investment, and diversify the economy. For Portugal's economic planners, the 21st century promises to be challenging. -
15 economy
[ɪ'kɔnəmɪ]n1) хозяйство, экономика, народное хозяйство- peacetime economy
- political economy
- national economy
- market economy
- rural economy
- robber economy
- shaky economy
- sound economy
- wartime economy2) бережливость, экономность, расчёт, расчётливость, экономияWe are making all possible economies for we are going to buy a house. — Мы экономим на всем, так как собираемся покупать дом.
He switched off all the lights as an economy measure. — Он всюду потушил свет для экономии электроэнергии
- considerable economy- economy measures
- economy car
- economy class
- economy of time and effort
- economy of words
- for reasons of economy
- for economy of space
- with a view to economy
- achieve the utmost economy
- exercise economy
- practise economy
- travel economy class -
16 ♦ economy
♦ economy /ɪˈkɒnəmɪ/A n.2 economia; sistema economico: an expanding economy, un'economia in espansione; free-market economy, economia di mercato; new economy, nuova economia ( basata sull'innovazione tecnologica e finanziaria); «new economy»; a healthy economy, un'economia prospera (o sana); a stable economy, un'economia solida; to stimulate the economy, stimolare l'economia3 [uc] economia; parsimonia; uso oculato; risparmio: to practise economy, fare economia; risparmiare; We made a few economies, abbiamo fatto un po' di economia; false economy, falso risparmioB a. attr.economico; che fa risparmiare: economy pack, confezione economica● (autom.) economy car, utilitaria □ (fam., med.) economy class syndrome, sindrome da classe economica (fam.); trombosi venosa profonda □ economy drive, campagna di risparmio □ economy-minded, amante delle economie; economo □ (econ.) economies of scale (o scale economies), economie di scala □ (autom.) economy run, economy run □ (market.) economy size (o economy-sized), in formato economico; in confezione economica □ (antiq.) political economy, economia politica NOTA D'USO: - economy o economics?-. -
17 economy
1 noun∎ (centrally) planned economy économie f planifiée;∎ old-fashioned political economy économie f politique∎ to practise economy économiser, épargner;∎ to make economies faire des économies;∎ it's a false economy ce n'est pas vraiment rentable;∎ with (an) economy of effort sans effort inutile;∎ economy of style concision f de style(pack) économique3 adverb(fly, travel) en classe touriste►► economy brand marque f économique;American economy car = voiture de taille moyenne, consommant peu par rapport aux "grosses américaines";economy class classe f touriste;economy drive (of company, government) politique f de réduction des dépenses;∎ I'm on an economy drive at the moment j'essaie d'économiser en ce moment;economy fare tarif m économique;economy measure mesure f de réduction des dépenses;∎ as an economy measure par mesure d'économie;Cars economy mode (with automatic gears) mode m économique;economies of scale économies fpl d'échelle -
18 economy
economy [ɪˈkɒnəmɪ]économie f• our economy depends on... notre économie dépend de...• I'm having an economy drive this month ce mois-ci je m'efforce de faire des économies ► economy pack noun paquet m économique* * *[ɪ'kɒnəmɪ]noun ( all contexts) économie f -
19 economy
economy n ( all contexts) économie f ; to make economies faire des économies ; for reasons of economy pour des raisons d'économie ; with (an) economy of effort à moindre effort ; economies of scale économies d'échelle ; the economy l'économie du pays. -
20 economy
economy 1. ADMIN, ECON Volkswirtschaft f, Wirtschaftlichkeit f, Wirtschaft f, Sparsamkeit f (of area, of country, of region); 2. GEN Konjunktur f (performance) • give a boost to the economy ECON, POL der Wirtschaft Auftrieb geben, der Wirtschaft Schwung geben
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